Membrane Filtration for Wastewater Industry

A membrane is a thin layer of semi-permeable material. It helps to separates substances when a driving force is applied across the membrane. Membrane filtration is a pressure-driven segregation process that employs a membrane for both mechanical and chemical sieving of particles and macromolecules. Membrane filtration helps in the removal of microorganisms, bacteria, natural organic material, and particulates. Which can impart tastes, color, and odors to the water and react with disinfectants to form disinfection by-products.

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Rapid growing dairy industry across the globe is driving the demand for membrane filtration market. Furthermore, rising demand for premium products among the consumer worldwide is also projected to influence the membrane filtration market significantly. Moreover, innovations in the ceramic membranes to optimize the production efficiency in food processing is also anticipated to have a robust impact in the membrane filtration market. Increasing Instances of Waterborne Diseases is also expected to generate untapped opportunity for the market participants.

There are two classes of membrane process used in the water and wastewater field. The first category includes reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF). These membranes have a dense non porous separating layer cast onto a porous support, and are used for the removal of dissolved substances. The second category is membrane filtration, in which a micro-porous separating layer provides a barrier to the finest particles present in the feed source but allows dissolved components to pass through. Membrane filtration is often used as a treatment process in its own right, but may also be used as pre-treatment to an RO stage.

Membrane filter procedure :

Cross-flow filtration

This is used mainly in the food industry and serves as filtration technology for fluids with high murky contents (such as fruit juice, wine, etc.) but finds use in dialysis as well.

Microfiltration

The material of the filter surface in microfiltration may be - depending on the application area - made from plastic, textile fabric or stainless steel. The filter pore size of this technique is > 0.1 µm.

Microfiltration is used, for example, to separate oil-water emulsions, biotechnology applications, or to separate colloidal oxides or hydroxides.

Ultrafiltration :

 The filter pore size of ultrafiltration is 0.1 to 0.01 µm. Ultrafiltration is used for such applications as separating proteins, cold sterilization in the pharmacy, or for metal recovery and wastewater cleaning in the field of metallurgy.

Nanofiltration :

Nanofiltration is a pressure-driven membrane processes. In contrast to reverse osmosis, nanofiltration uses lower pressures and filters with larger pore sizes. The particle size, which is retained in nanofiltration, is the size of single and divalent heavy metal ions. Nanofiltration is used, for example, for softening water and the removal of heavy metals during drinking water treatments.

The global membrane filtration market is segmented on the basis of application, membrane material, type and module design. Based on application, the market is segmented into water & wastewater and food & beverages. On the basis of the membrane material the market is segmented into polymeric, and ceramic. On the basis of the type the market is segmented into reverse osmosis, ultrafiltration, microfiltration, and nanofiltration. On the basis of the module design the market is segmented into spiral wound, tubular systems, and plate & frame and hollow fiber. 

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